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可以让在中国的销售泡汤的一句话

有句销售用语在日本使用起来理所当然,但在中国开展业务时,说出来就会阻碍业务顺利进行。笔者曾经亲身经历过这种事情,这句话就是“请问您想选择什么样的产品,您的喜好是什么,产品想用于什么用途”。

对于客户至上的日本企业而言,询问客户这样的问题是十分常见的事情。站在机械厂商及工程企业的立场来说,如果无法准确把握对方的要求,别说是接单了,连报价都没法做,因此询问这种问题是理所当然的。

但是,当向中国企业的负责人抛出这些问题时,肯定会得到这样回答:“请先提供尺寸最小的产品。我们想试用一下。中型产品也可以。反正什么都行,请快点 提供”,而日本企业则会答复说“我们公司的机械产品分很多种类,需要根据您的用途报价。如果您不提供用途或规格的话,我们很难提供正好符合需求的产品”。

这时,中国企业便会放出真话,“其实现在什么都没有定下来,我们也不太了解。所以请先提供产品。我们会马上商量一下。如果可能,最好希望先无偿借给我 们”,日本企业听到这些话会产生怀疑:“看来这个客户不打算购买产品。或许只是借去用来仿造。莫非这就是中国流的业务模式?”。

因为现场不能说得那么露骨,所以日本企业一般会回答说“我们要回去请示一下总部”,这之后就不再联系这家中国企业了。

一周左右以后,中国企业会催促日方:“我们一直在等待贵方答复。是否已请示总部”,这时日方仍不会作出明确答复。再过两周后,中方就会联系日方说“我 们花1亿日元从其他公司购买了一台机器。今后还决定从这家公司采购20台。我们本来认为贵公司的机器最好,但觉得贵公司不会卖给我们,所以选择其他公司的 产品了”。

就算这时日方发觉对方“是真心打算购买产品的”,也已追悔莫及。这家中国企业最初非常有诚意,而且积极性很高。但日本企业一看对方是中国企业,就会做些多余的摸底动作,或者一开始就表现出不信任对方的态度。这会打消中国企业购买产品的念头。

或许这也是因为日本企业过于习惯以性能为基础的单独订单型业务模式。如果为了防止报价与总部不一致而过于慎重,就会忽视“向对方销售产品”这一最重要的目的。听说在以中国企业为对象的业务洽谈中,类似的错误曾多次出现过。

一开始就想敲定产品的性能指标的做法是错误的。因为就算想问出客户所需要的性能,对方也没有足以作出答复的专业知识与经验。中国虽然有数家让日本企业 甘拜下风的、拥有极高技术实力及开发能力的企业。另一方面,也有很多企业完全没有研发(R&D)能力,虽从事该领域的业务,却基本不懂“工程是什 么”。大型中国企业中也有很多“可以按照图纸加工生产却无法按性能要求设计出图纸”的企业。

最近,北京上海的高铁话题备受关注。据说中国还打算在美国申请高铁专利。但据笔者所知,最不相信本国工程技术能力的是中国人自己。

笔者以前曾说过“想成为第一个乘坐京沪高铁的日本人”,但中国的合作伙伴却认真地劝阻说“别干傻事,你现在要是死了,我们可就麻烦了”。他说“就算列 车使用了国外的技术,也还是行驶在中国制造的铁路线上。所以危险。我在半年之内绝对不会乘坐高铁”。他竟然如此不相信本国的工程技术能力。或许正因为如 此,像笔者这样的人才能在中国的两所有名大学讲授设计开发等课程。(特约撰稿人:山田太郎,优乐福环球事业公司社长)

■日文原文
中国ビジネスは、この一言でダメになる
http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/COLUMN/20110923/198530/

 
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Posted by 于 9月 29, 2011 在 Business

 

俏江南新闻当中可能的数据错误

刚在一个店处理完经理和另一个部门之间的矛盾问题,回来又私下找其他当事人打听事发经过,明天再去处理,还是要从每件被我发现的小事上把文章做够做透,否则光是靠好听的口号是不能真正地竖立正面的风气的。

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看了这个新闻,俏江南张兰:引进鼎晖是最大失误 当交学费
link:http://news.chinaventure.com.cn/47/20110826/63826.shtml
简要:“引进他们(鼎晖)是俏江南最大的失误,毫无意义。民营企业家交学费呗。”张兰在此次接受采访时告诉《环球企业家》,“他们什么也没给我们带来,那么少的钱稀释了那么大股份。”张说,她早就想清退这笔投资,但鼎辉要求翻倍回报,双方没有谈拢。
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这采访发生的大背景当然是俏江南上市被否决,而标准化和精细化管理上的羸弱无力抵消原材料、人力和房租成本上涨的压力,管理能力提升乏力的苦涩现实现在转变为和PE投资商的矛盾公开化而已。

新闻里的数据有些意思。

  • 55家分店,net income=5500万,难道每家分店一年的净利润才100万吗?等于是刚刚breakeven,显然数据有失真,以俏江南这样成熟的店一年的净利润应该不少于500万才正常。
  • 7000员工,每天接待2万名客人。这个数据也有问题,以我的经验,这个客人/员工比例应该达到6以上,而不是3.要不是俏江南的operation efficiency有问题,就是数据有错误。我觉得是后者。
  • 鼎辉投资2亿,占股10%,整个公司估价20亿,如果年净利润真的只有5500万,相当于P/E<20,也不算太贱卖。既然张总觉得贱卖了,看来真实利润不止5500万。只能说明再次印证了张澜是个相当相当实际的人,为大S捏一把汗!

我觉得聘请的麦肯锡的老总的策略有问题,换作我,思路应该如下:

  • 俏江南应该树立高端品牌brand image。既然高端了,就必须物以稀为贵,就不能走快速复制。维持高端形象,但是靠一个副品牌去执行扩张策略,迅速扩张来leverage its the premium image of the brand,满足资本市场讲故事的要求
  • 简单来说就是俏江南负责赚眼球和名声,副名牌比如叫俏江北就要负责扩张和靠turnover来赚钱,这个时候要负责从大众路线成功的川菜品牌比如麻辣诱惑,或者海底捞,望湘园挖人,而不是从麦肯锡挖人。
  • 俏江南的扩张步伐应该是继续到省会城市开1家直营店,然后就是靠走大众路线的副品牌迅速扩张开店,这样可以leverage它的品牌,装修,菜品和人才资源,提高利用率。
  • 魏总提出来的工业化,信息化,企业化等四化,如果作为CEO,不能把提出的这些策略执行下去,说明策略本身有问题,而不是死抱住策略要求企业来适应策略。当然,我对麦肯锡是爱之深,责之切。想想看啊,如果55家门店辛苦1年才赚净利润5500万,每家店每年才赚100万,你一个CEO一年的工资都还不够,难道不应该做出一些实际的成果才对得住传统行业开出的这份高薪吗?

文中还提到了张澜痛恨的空降兵的帮派斗争。
贴一段话:职业经理人最忌讳的几件事:1、地盘意识,生怕别人插手自己的领域;2、帮派意识,总想弄几个听自己话的人在身边;3、山头意识,总爱分析高层的派系,并自以为聪明;4、拨弄是非,有意无意间传播是非;随意批评上下级,更易滋生是非;5、简单问题复杂化,团队越管越乱,导致执行力差。

 
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Posted by 于 8月 28, 2011 在 Business, Personal

 

我想把脸涂上厚厚的泥巴,不让人看到我的哀伤


其实看到兰世立的遗书是有些日子了,以为是网上杜撰的。今天以这样记者评述的手法公布出来,看来是真的出自他的手笔,而且最初的来源据说是来自东星集团的公司网站。当初我怀疑这封信不是本人本写,是因为文笔完全不像一位曾经位高权重的商业领袖的口气,很sentimental and emotional,甚至像出自一位女性之手。

看前面记者所成列的数字来看,倒是佐证了他所说的集团财务还没有到无药可救的地步,行政干预到bankrupt乃至到指挥foreclosure,只是因为你不听话。

这就是为什么在大陆,无论你是资本方,还是劳工方,都不会有安全感,因为只有政府才有安全感,因为法律的制订、执行、和解释全部有政府去做。当年德隆如果不是央行的行政窗口指导,导致所有商业银行都不敢贷款给德隆,德隆的资金链是否会断裂?如果德隆撑过了2003年,到了2006年的股市和楼市的黄金时节,他的资产又价值几多呢?

这个星期压力不小,因为一些员工纠纷。起因也是和国家法律有关。法律说你必须为员工购买综合保险,每月280元,一年就是3500元的保险费,范围是上班的工伤和上下班途中的意外险。后来又平安保险找到我们,为我们推介了员工伤害险,保险范围一模一样,价格是一年330元。而且服务态度很好,员工流动了我们只需要一个传真就可以改名字,不像国家的综合保险,你必须亲自跑到他们的办公室,拿上种种资料去办理。赔付上我甚至觉得后者要赔付的金额高些,而且手续简单快捷。如果你理赔过综合保险,你就明白我在讲什么。

你说,你是一个企业主,你选前者还是后者?如果你像我一样,选了后者,那么你违法了。因为法律规定你必须购买前者,至于你要为员工购买商业保险,也必须在购买了前者的基础上。只要你没有购买前者,任何人都可以以此为要挟,来额外要求一些东西。

这是今日之现实,不合理的现实。就如同上游的垄断行业可以任意涨价,比如中石油,比如水电煤,但是下游的完全竞争行业却被法律规定只要涨价就属于扰乱市场次序的行为,所以方便面、洗衣粉不能涨价。可是难道方便面的原料运输、员工薪资、进入超市的交通费用会不收到汽油和水电煤费用上涨的压力吗?

我知道自己需要放下,才能把精力放在如何在现实中寻求突破。这些年,遇到一些事,对自己的一个要求就是:决不埋怨。可以对自己后悔,但是决不埋怨别人,所以也无须过多地埋怨一些我无法改变的游戏规则。一如往常地表情在工作着,可是一个人的时候可以连开四次错误的支票,可以拿对钥匙就是打不开家门,可以头脑空白地低下头去看煤气灶为什么没火的时候把头发引燃。

昨晚回到家,本来只是想在沙发上坐一会休息一下的。没想到,等我醒来居然已经是凌晨1点过了,硬是穿者小西服和紧身牛仔裤睡了2个多小时。2月和3月的营业总额都比去年同期下滑不少,顾客反映上来看还是不错的,周末都还是要排队到8:30左右的,只是平时下滑了不少,我感觉到是消费力疲弱的普遍现象。

老爸老妈去了丽江,临行前老妈想取消,她想留下来陪我。我不大对她说这些压力的事情,可她总是能感觉到。我也总是能用几个玩笑话骗过她,或许,她什么都知道,哈哈哈!

昨天晚上发呆在一楼等电梯的时候,电梯来了,里面3个穿嫩黄色校服的小男生走出来,大概也就小学5、6年纪不超过初一的样子,3张笑脸盈盈。看见我站在电梯外侧着头端详他们,三个小男生居然一起对我喊道:“阿姨好!” 我又惊又囧,笑了起来。中间那个小boy,最可爱,连忙加了一句:“阿姨,你真漂亮!”。这下,我彻底笑出了声。坐电梯的时候,我都在为他祝福:希望你以后的女朋友长得像小龙女姑姑,因为你不仅眼光好,品味更好!

真好!有你这么不谙世事地可爱地欣赏,把这个自怨自艾的阿姨的愁云给暂时地赶走了!
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在狱中被囚禁了快一年的兰世立,没有人知道,他到底花了多少时间思考过死。对于世人来说,这位前东星集团董事长消失太久了。他在中欧商学院007班的同学凌洪波,忽然记起了这个从未出现过的同桌。凌写道:同学录上所有的照片都是彩色,只有他的是黑白色,看起来很突兀。

今年春节期间,落款为兰世立的遗书在国内各大网络论坛开始流传。遗书中兰世立向公众陈述自己的辛酸处境:现在的病情,可能会随时导致瘫痪、神经、死亡,如果死了,倒也一了百了。但是如果瘫痪呢?

他被羁押在武汉市第二看守所110室,这里囚禁过南德集团前董事长牟其中,也囚禁过德隆系掌门人唐万新。商界的枭雄到了这里,都成了困兽,死囚们带着脚镣从身边经过,目睹一批批人被押送到刑场。牢狱之灾消磨的不仅是锐气,还颠覆了他们对人生整个的思考。

2007年,兰世立曾与王石等人看望监禁在此8年之久的牟其中,牟在得知兰世立的经历后,一度表情复杂,说不出话。现在的兰世立或许可以意识到自己与牟其中奇妙的契合:三年之后,他身陷囹圄,与牟一样著述写作,唯一不同的是,他书写的是过去,而牟其中写的是当下。

航空梦

1993年,25岁的兰世立拿着270元钱,辞去公职后,在武汉市东湖开发区租下了一个小店面售卖计算机配套的色带、打印纸、维修计算机的打印针等。兰世立曾在《东星十八年》中回忆这段早年奋斗时光:“一天三顿热干面。”

真正给他带来第一桶金的是从深圳走私高级轿车的勾当,这也导致了兰世立27天的看守所生涯,由此可见兰的行事风格:大胆出格、剑走偏锋。巅峰时期,他牢牢执掌东星集团,各个机构的业务量每天必须向他做汇报,他甚至直接决定每个产品的定价。

1992年,他在武汉建起了当地最豪华的酒楼东宫和西宫,承接宴会,盛极一时,此后兰世立介入旅游业,获利颇丰。

餐饮和旅游只是掀开了兰世立的东星帝国梦的一角。2004年6月,兰世立的东星航空与鹰联、春秋、奥凯在内的中国第一批共四家民营航空公司获准成立,随后他不可思议地以1.8亿元的首付,签下了由空客和GE商用航空服务公司提供的20架飞机大单,价值120亿元。而此前,兰世立得到了国际银行以“无银行担保+卖方信贷”模式授予的百亿元贷款,成为空手套白狼经典案例,一时业界哗然。

2006年,兰世立初登《福布斯》富豪榜,以10亿身家位列第70位,成为湖北有史以来第一位进入该榜100强的富豪。2007年11月22日,东星和苏格兰皇家银行签订融资4亿多美元的协议,用于未来几年内购买6架空客A320飞机。
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Posted by 于 4月 10, 2011 在 Business, People, Personal

 

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创业就像生产,九个女人一起使劲也无法一个月就生出孩子来

再转帖一篇Techcrunch的文章。作者:Mark Suster

编者按:本文由著名的风险投资机构GRP Partners的Mark Suster撰写,在文中他表达了自己对于创业初期资金多寡的看法,并主张创业初期不要过多的融资和花费。事实上这篇文章对于有资金压力的创业者是个鼓励。以下是正文部分

我在本文中是极力主张“瘦身创业运动”的,也就是说创业者们应当在创业初期不断的实验产品和寻找市场的过程中要将资金的花销保持在一个较低的水平。怎么理解?

在一个新市场形成的初步阶段,你应该是在不断的开发产品,获取客户反馈,然后再次更新产品。而在这一阶段,没人能够确定你的这个想法是否足够大,市场是否足够大,所以这时适当的节衣缩食是必要的。这对创业者有好处,而且也是我进行风险投资时的基本思考。

90年代末的时候,我曾见证了创业世界中一个非常危险的趋势,那就是许多刚刚成立的公司动不动就拿到了大把大把的投资。这可完全是投机啊。实际上风险投资者在硬塞给创业者们资金让他们硬着头皮去打开他们并不确定的市场。而且我当时也是这种思维的受害者:“我的竞争对手拿到了4千万美元的投资,我也一定要赶紧拿到更多的投资”。现在想来当初有这种思维完全是瞎胡闹。

其实说来也很直白:当时的我和那些风险投资者们一样连一个最简单不过的道理都没弄明白,那就是:9个女人往一起使劲也无法在一个月内就生下孩子

市场的影响因素是多方面的,包括新技术,顾客的意识以及该技术的接受程度,也就是说直到最后人们慢慢的将某一款产品接纳为其日常生活的一部分时才会产生市场爆炸。

有一句我很喜欢的格言就很好的说明了这一点:来得早不如来得巧。早早的进入市场,投入大量的资源也经常难以产生很好的结果。但是翩翩我们都受到了这个早字的诱惑。而最近的创业文化里却又开始吹起了这股昔日不好的风气。我最近还听到过一则消息,一家创业公司的风险投资者对其创业者说:

“如果给你们投更多的钱,你们是不是能发展得更快,是不是可以将5年的期限变作一年?”

很显然,这实际上是不可能的。

此外,初期融资过多也容易在创业公司发展过程中催生一些消极问题。比如大把花钱去招人,开发产品过了头或者甚至在产品问世之前就大量的进行媒体轰炸。而且还要看到,你拿的钱多了,你的投资者们也会催着你要结果。

事实上当前最富盛名的创业公司孵化器Y Combinator(可以参阅@36kr关于这家孵化器的相关报道)对于瘦身创业行动就做了一个很好的诠释:给那些有想法的技术极客们一点点钱(通常在几万美元以内),让他们做一段时间,看看他们能做出什么来,而市场又会对他们的产品做出什么样的反应。想想我们这个时代最棒的两位技术领导者Bill Gross(Postup总裁,可参阅本站其相关报道)和Paul Graham(可以参看其百度百科介绍)都选择了孵化器这样的创业模式肯定是不无道理的。

以上说的是创业初期,但是一旦你的产品进入到市场活跃期也就是足够多的人接受了的时候,你就得注意了。这个时候就是你摆脱瘦身开始健壮并加大资源投入冲击市场的时候了。事实上到了这个时候,如果仍然倡导瘦身创业的话就会出问题了。因为一旦你挑起了市场巨大的胃口,你就要保证你有足够的资源进行投入

我所知道的优秀公司就有许多是遵循了瘦身到健壮这样的发展过程的。比如说Twitter(成立于2006年),这家公司成立之初的几年内默默无闻,因为人们还没有很好的弄明白这一款全新的产品。直到几年过后,人们才开始慢慢的接受其关于微博的理念,市场才开始进入爆炸期。我非常不愿意设想要是当初Twitter拿到了5000万美元的融资的话现在会是个什么结果。此外Quora(创立于2008年)也非常的棒。他们成立后也是非常缓慢的扩展自己的团队,你甚至很难看到有关他们的媒体宣传。

其实,和我一样主张瘦身创业的人都是因为有过错误的经历。我们明白大把大把的耗费资源在早期无法推动市场的快速成长。正如Benchmark Capital的Bruce Dunlevie所说的一样:

卓越的判断来源于经历,而经历却来源于糟糕的判断

此外,我还想说9个女人的理论也并不仅限于融资领域。技术领导人也会经常犯这样的错误。比如在我的第一个公司里我就犯了类似的错误。当时由于销售部门,运营部门等各方面的严苛要求和压力,我不得不决定增用资源去雇佣第3方开发人员,并扩充整个产品团队(当时我的产品总架构师Ryan Lissack对此是持反对意见的,并表示一支又精又小的队伍其实更有创造性和生产效率,人加多了,他们得不断的开会,培训,修改代码等),但是最终的结果是生产效率反而被抑制了,Lissack是对的。

不得不说,我是第一次从Lissack那里学到了这一思考,现在他已经是全球著名的企业云计算公司Salesforce.com的高级主管了。也正是自那以后,我再也不愿意在推进技术项目上耗费过多的资源了。我也开始喜欢上了小队伍,喜欢上了瘦身创业。

当然我也不希望9个女人的这一阶段持续太长。希望创业者们在其事业的初期能够抵御住风险投资者们对其进行的金钱攻势。我知道金币在耳边响起是什么感觉,非常有诱惑性,不是吗?但是要记得前车之鉴,后事之师

Via Techcrunch

 
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Posted by 于 4月 4, 2011 在 Business, Tech

 

领导就是一颗“特立但不独行的子弹”


无论是CEO,还是其他项目的领导人,我的体会是要做到:热肠冷面,傲骨平心。
热肠冷面,是对人而言。
傲骨平心,是对事而言,如何看待过程中的起伏和挫败,如何平和地作困难的决定,如何坚持一种务实的理想主义。

这真是是一条又孤独又艰难的旅程。他不能不坚实,不能不圆滑,不能不紧密,他会背着盔甲,像个蜗牛般的斗士,爬得不快但一直向前,爬得费劲,但是从不假手他人。他会把所有的仓皇、忐忑、挫败乃至孤独感都藏起来,不让旁人看见,但这些负重还在,没有人可以分担的,这是最折磨人的地方,这是一种时时刻刻都在的无形的压力。

如果你懂他的认真,你懂他的struggle,你就能看到他心底里藏着比任何人都要柔和而耀跟的光芒,像灯笼般,分享不到温暖,却仍要努力去发亮。

今天开会时对大家表的决心:标准化的进程一定要进行下去,对生意有没有帮助,我不知道。正如很多事情大小并不重要,重要的是,这件事值得去做么?我们愿意持续地付出努力吗?
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What’s The Most Difficult CEO Skill? Managing Your Own Psychology.

Ben Horowitz
It’s fucked up when your mind’s playin’ tricks on ya”
—The Geto Boys

By far the most difficult skill for me to learn as CEO was the ability to manage my own psychology. Organizational design, process design, metrics, hiring and firing were all relatively straightforward skills to master compared to keeping my mind in check. Over the years, I’ve spoken to hundreds of CEOs all with the same experience. Nonetheless, very few people talk about it, and I have never read anything on the topic. It’s like the fight club of management: The first rule of the CEO psychological meltdown is don’t talk about the psychological meltdown.

At risk of violating the sacred rule, I will attempt to describe the condition and prescribe some techniques that helped me. In the end, this is the most personal and important battle that any CEO will face.

If I’m Doing a Good Job, Why Do I Feel So Bad?

Generally, someone doesn’t become CEOs unless she has a high sense of purpose and cares deeply about the work she does. In addition, a CEO must be accomplished enough or smart enough that people will want to work for her. Nobody sets out to be a bad CEO, run a dysfunctional organization, or create a massive bureaucracy that grinds her company to a screeching halt. Yet no CEO ever has a smooth path to a great company. Along the way, many things go wrong and all of them could have and should have been avoided.

Things go wrong, because building a multi-faceted human organization to compete and win in a dynamic, highly competitive market turns out to be really hard. If CEOs were graded on a curve, the mean on the test would be 22 out of a 100. This kind of mean can be psychologically challenging for a straight A student. It is particularly challenging, because nobody tells you that the mean is 22.

If you manage a team of 10 people, it’s quite possible to do so with very few mistakes or bad behaviors. If you manage an organization of 1,000 people it is quite impossible. At a certain size, your company will do things that are so bad that you never imagined that you’d be associated with that kind of incompetence. Seeing people fritter away money, waste each other’s time, and do sloppy work can make you feel bad. If you are the CEO, it may well make you sick.

And to rub salt into the wound and make matters worse, it’s your fault.

Nobody to Blame

“You can’t blame Jazz Musicians or David Stern with his NBA fashion issues” —Nas

When people in my company would complain about something or other being broken such as the expense reporting process, I would joke that it was all my fault. The joke was funny, because it wasn’t really a joke. Every problem in the company was indeed my fault. As the founding CEO, every hire and every decision that the company ever made happened under my direction. Unlike a hired gun that comes in and blames all of the problems on the prior regime, there was literally nobody for me to blame.

If someone was promoted for all the wrong reasons, that was my fault. If we missed the quarterly earnings target, that was my fault. If a great engineer quit, that was my fault. If the sales team made unreasonable demands on the product organization, then that was my fault. If the product had too many bugs, that was my fault. It kind of sucked to be me.

Being responsible for everything and getting a 22 on the test starts to weigh on your consciousness.

Too Much Broken Stuff

Given this stress, CEOs often make the one of the following two mistakes:

1. They take things too personally

2. They do not take things personally enough

In the first scenario, the CEO takes every issue incredibly seriously and personally and urgently moves to fix it. Given the volume of the issues, this motion usually results in one of two scenarios. If the CEO is outwardly focused, she ends up terrorizing the team to the point where nobody wants to work at the company any more. If the CEO is inwardly focused, she ends up feeling so sick from all of the problems that she can barely make it to work in the morning.

In the second scenario, in order to dampen the pain of the rolling disaster that is the company, the CEO takes a Pollyannaish attitude: it’s not so bad. In this view, none of the problems are actually that bad and they needn’t be dealt with urgently. By rationalizing away the issues, the CEO feels better about herself. The problem is that she doesn’t actually fix any of the problems and the employees eventually become quite frustrated that the Chief Executive keeps ignoring the most basic problems and conflicts. Ultimately, the company turns to crap.

Ideally, the CEO will be urgent yet not insane. She will move aggressively and decisively without feeling emotionally culpable. If she can separate the importance of the issues from how she feels about them, she will avoid demonizing her employees or herself.

It’s a Lonely Job

“And this loneliness won’t leave me alone” —Otis Redding

In your darkest moments as CEO, discussing fundamental questions about the viability of your company with your employees can have obvious negative consequences. On the other hand, talking to your board and outside advisors can be fruitless. The knowledge gap between you and them is so vast that you cannot actually bring them fully up to speed in a manner that’s useful in making the decision. You are all alone.

At Loudcloud, when the dot com bubble burst and subsequently sent most of our customers into bankruptcy, it crippled our business and devastated our balance sheet. Or rather, that was one interpretation. Another interpretation, and necessarily the official story for the company, was that we still had plenty of money in the bank and were signing up traditional enterprise customers at an impressive rate. Which interpretation was closer to the truth? In the absence of someone to talk to, that’s a question that I asked myself about 3,000 times. As an aside, asking oneself anything 3,000 times turns out to be a bad idea. In this case, I had two specific difficult questions:

1. What if the official interpretation was wrong?  What if I was misleading everyone from investors to employees? In that case, I should be removed from my position immediately.

2. What if the official interpretation was right? What if I was grinding my brain into sawdust for no reason at all? What if I was taking the company off track by questioning my own direction? In that case, I should be removed from my position immediately.

As is usually the case, there was no way to know which interpretation was right until much later. It turned out that neither was actually right. The new customers didn’t save us, but we figured out another way to survive and ultimately succeed. The key to getting to the right outcome was to keep from getting married to either the positive or the dark narrative.

My friend Jason Rosenthal took over as CEO of Ning about a year ago. As soon as he became CEO, he faced a cash crisis and had to choose amongst three difficult choices: 1. Radically reduce the size of the company or 2. Sell the company or 3. Raise money in a highly dilutive way.

Think about those choices:

1. Lay off a large set of talented employees whom he worked very hard to recruit and, as a result, likely severely damage the morale of the remaining people.

2. Sell out all of the employees who he had been working side-by-side with for the past several years (Jason was promoted into the position), by selling the company without giving them a chance to perform or fulfill their mission.

3. Drastically reduce the ownership position of the employees and make their hard work economically meaningless.

Choices like these separate the women from the girls. Tip to aspiring entrepreneurs: if you don’t like choosing between horrible and cataclysmic, don’t become CEO. Jason sought advice from some of the best minds in the industry, but ultimately he was completely alone in the final decision. Nobody had the answer and whatever the answer, Jason was the one who had to live with the consequences. So far his decision to reduce staff by letting go of primarily the most recent hires has paid off. Revenue at Ning is soaring and team morale is high. If it had gone worse (or ultimately goes bad), it will be all Jason’s fault and it will be up to Jason to find a new answer. Whenever I see Jason, I like to say: “Welcome to the show.”

Techniques to Calm Your Nerves

The problem with psychology is that everybody’s is slightly different. With that as a caveat, over the years I developed a few techniques for dealing with myself. Hopefully, you find them useful too.

Make some friends—Although it’s nearly impossible to get high quality advice on the tough decisions that you make, it is extremely useful from a psychological perspective to talk to people who have been through similarly challenging decisions. My friend Bill Campbell was a huge help to me as CEO, but interestingly it wasn’t his great success running Intuit that I found most useful; it was his disastrous experience running Go. Through that experience and his most traumatic days at Intuit (like laying off 1/3 of the company), Bill learned a tremendous amount about how to think about excruciatingly difficult decisions from a psychological perspective.

Get it out of your head and onto paper—When I had to explain to Bill and the rest of my board that, as a public company, I thought that it would be best if we sold all of our customers and all of our revenue and changed business, it was messing with my mind. In order to finalize that decision, I wrote down a detailed explanation of my logic. The process of writing that document separated me from my own psychology and enabled me to make the decision swiftly.

Focus on the road not the wall—When they train racecar drivers, one of the first lessons is when you are going around a curve at 200 MPH, do not focus on the wall; focus on the road. If you focus on the wall, you will drive right into it. If you focus on the road, you will follow the road. Running a company is like that. There are always a thousand things that can go wrong and sink the ship. If you focus too much on them, you will drive yourself nuts and likely capsize your company. Focus on where you are going rather than on what you hope to avoid.

Don’t Be a Punk.

A Final Word of Advice – Don’t Punk Out and Don’t Quit As CEO, there will be many times when you feel like quitting. I have seen CEOs try to cope with the stress by drinking heavily, checking out, and even quitting. In each case, the CEO has a marvelous rationalization why it was OK for him to punk out or quit, but none them will every be great CEOs. Great CEOs face the pain. They deal with the sleepless nights, the cold sweat, and what my friend the great Alfred Chuang (legendary founder and CEO of BEA Systems) calls “the torture.” Whenever I meet a successful CEO, I ask them how they did it. Mediocre CEOs point to their brilliant strategic moves or their intuitive business sense or a variety of other self-congratulatory explanations. The great CEOs tend to be remarkably consistent in their answers. They all say: “I didn’t quit.”

Ben Horowitz is a general partner at Andreessen Horowitz. To read more from his blog, gohere.
link:http://techcrunch.com/2011/03/31/what%E2%80%99s-the-most-difficult-ceo-skill-managing-your-own-psychology/

 
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Posted by 于 4月 4, 2011 在 Business, Personal

 

VanityFair:Microsoft’s Odd Couple

Great article indeed!
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It’s 1975 and two college dropouts are racing to create software for a new line of “hobbyist” computers. The result? A company called “Micro-Soft”—now the fifth-most-valuable corporation on earth. In an adaptation from his memoir, the author tells the story of his partnership with high-school classmate Bill Gates, until its dramatic ending in 1983.

By Paul Allen•

Photograph by Jonas Fredwall Karlsson

My high school in Seattle, Lakeside, seemed conservative on the surface, but it was educationally progressive. We had few rules and lots of opportunities, and all my schoolmates seemed passionate about something. But the school was also cliquish. There were golfers and tennis players, who carried their rackets wherever they went, and in the winter most everyone went skiing. I’d never done any of these things, and my friends were the boys who didn’t fit into the established groups. Then, in the fall of my 10th-grade year, my passion found me.

My honors-geometry teacher was Bill Dougall, the head of Lakeside’s science and math departments. A navy pilot in World War II, Mr. Dougall had an advanced degree in aeronautical engineering, and another in French literature from the Sorbonne. In our school’s best tradition, he believed that book study wasn’t enough without real-world experience. He also realized that we’d need to know something about computers when we got to college. A few high schools were beginning to train students on traditional mainframes, but Mr. Dougall wanted something more engaging for us. In 1968 he approached the Lakeside Mothers Club, which agreed to use the proceeds from its annual rummage sale to lease a teleprinter terminal for computer time-sharing, a brand-new business at the time.

On my way to math class in McAllister Hall, I stopped by for a look. As I approached the small room, the faint clacking got louder. I opened the door and found three boys squeezed inside. There was a bookcase and a worktable with piles of manuals, scraps from notebooks, and rolled-up fragments of yellow paper tape. The students were clustered around an overgrown electric typewriter, mounted on an aluminum-footed pedestal base: a Teletype Model ASR-33 (for Automatic Send and Receive). It was linked to a GE-635, a General Electric mainframe computer in a distant, unknown office.

The Teletype made a terrific racket, a mix of low humming, the Gatling gun of the paper-tape punch, and the ka-chacko-whack of the printer keys. The room’s walls and ceiling were lined with white corkboard for soundproofing. But though it was noisy and slow, a dumb remote terminal with no display screen or lowercase letters, the ASR-33 was also state-of- the-art. I was transfixed. I sensed that you could do things with this machine.

That year, 1968, would be a watershed in matters digital. In March, Hewlett-Packard introduced the first programmable desktop calculator. In June, Robert Dennard won a patent for a one-transistor cell of dynamic random-access memory, or DRAM, a new and cheaper method of temporary data storage. In July, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore co-founded Intel Corporation. In December, at the legendary “mother of all demos” in San Francisco, the Stanford Research Institute’s Douglas Engelbart showed off his original versions of a mouse, a word processor, e-mail, and hypertext. Of all the epochal changes in store over the next two decades, a remarkable number were seeded over those 10 months: cheap and reliable memory, a graphical user interface, a “killer” application, and more.

It’s hard to convey the excitement I felt when I sat down at the Teletype. With my program written out on notebook paper, I’d type it in on the keyboard with the paper-tape punch turned on. Then I’d dial into the G.E. computer, wait for a beep, log on with the school’s password, and hit the Start button to feed the paper tape through the reader, which took several minutes.

At last came the big moment. I’d type “RUN,” and soon my results printed out at 10 characters per second—a glacial pace next to today’s laser printers, but exhilarating at the time. It would be quickly apparent whether my program worked; if not, I’d get an error message. In either case, I’d quickly log off to save money. Then I’d fix any mistakes by advancing the paper tape to the error and correcting it on the keyboard while simultaneously punching a new tape—a delicate maneuver nowadays handled by a simple click of a mouse and a keystroke. When I achieved a working program, I’d secure it with a rubber band and stow it on a shelf.

Soon I was spending every lunchtime and free period around the Teletype with my fellow aficionados. Others might have found us eccentric, but I didn’t care. I had discovered my calling. I was a programmer.
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Posted by 于 3月 31, 2011 在 Business, People, Tech

 

杜書伍:豆芽現象

写得真不错。我要把用简体字打印出来,带给公司员工读读。
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大家都吃過豆芽菜吧!豆芽生長的速度之快,令人嘆為觀止,短短一夜之間,竟能抽長六、七公分,且外表看起來既壯碩又飽滿。然而,豆芽的質地卻異常脆弱,稍遇外力便應聲斷裂。邁入資訊科技時代,事物的變化極為快速,個人與組織為因應外界環境,追求短期績效而忽略實質內涵的「豆芽現象」,也俯拾可見,值得警愓。

第一種豆芽現象,出現在個人能力的培養上。職場新人初學一項專業,由不會到熟的階段,大致能掌握專業的「形」,學得快的話,很快就會覺得「學會了」,隨後,即急於轉進其他領域,卻同樣只學到「形」就急於轉換。表面上看來學了很多,其實都只學到該行業的「常識」,真正要用時便不堪一擊。(請參考「知識與常識」一文)

第二種豆芽現象,出現在主管的部門管理上。有些人自基層擢升後,忽略了身為主管,一方面要精通部屬所負責事物,以輔導、協助部屬,一方面則要學習了解人的行為,以及組織人才團隊作戰的技巧,才能展現出部門績效。還不夠融會貫通,就急著想再往上提升,不再過問基層業務,以分層負責的名義,將大部分的工作交由部屬完成,久而久之卻對基礎運作愈形生疏,也無法輔導員工,同樣是犯了「豆芽現象」的毛病。

在業績的拓展上,豆芽現象也十分普遍。比方說,為求短期內提出漂亮的業績表現,在未建立產品或客戶基礎前,即以導入少數幾樣明星產品、服務少數幾家重量級客戶的方式,很快建立起亮麗的業績。然而,倘使未能及時建立有系統的經營方法,一旦明星產品需求驟減,或者是客戶轉移採購時,業績即會大起又大落,豈不也是一種豆芽現象?

觀察大多數發展快速的事物,或多或少存在著「豆芽現象」,原因何在?豆芽的質地脆弱,內裡纖維含量不高,之所以能夠在短期內抽高,並非內裡堅實,實為充斥大量水份,一彈即破。相對而言,一年才成長一、兩公分的植物檜木,質地十分堅韌,內裡的纖維既粗壯又密實,長得雖慢,卻以深耕密植之勢,依序逐步成長。因此,即便是狂風大雨,也不易折損其枝幹,且愈長根基愈顯穩固,與豆芽的脆弱,恰成鮮明對比。

但是,檜木長的雖慢,並不代表可以放緩腳步、虛度光陰。檜木的「慢」是不躁進,針對事物的細節仔細琢磨,隨著經驗的累積淬煉火候,且學習到新領域時,仍同步在思索如何以新的、更高的角度改進舊領域。如此一來,向上成長時,才能同步增加下層的扎實度。

社會經濟情況會起起伏伏,產業變化、科技進展極速,新的經營模式不斷在挑戰既有的經營方法,因而,不論是組織或個人,在長期的發展過程中,都會不斷面臨挑戰。如果實力不夠堅實,遇到環境遽變時,就可能慘遭滅頂,所以扎實的實力是永續發展的不二法門。

但是,在講求扎實、漸進的原則下,並不是要抺煞速度,而是兩者要能拿捏得宜。因此,一旦感覺事物的發展出現「豆芽現象」時,可將之視為一個警訊,提醒自己要詳加檢視成長背後的內涵、穩健程度,並設法在速度之外,力求其穩健度與扎實度,維持一個「成長而不紊亂」的成長步調,將能在高度競爭下兼顧成長與內涵

 
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Posted by 于 3月 30, 2011 在 Business

 

为什么我们要卖68元午市套餐?

要努力学些用浅显的语言,经常性地向员工沟通公司的策略和价值观。关键是要经常沟通。
今天贴出去的。
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最近我在某些店中午的时候看见有些顾客兴冲冲地来到我们店门口询问68元套餐的时候,我们的伙伴回答说:“没有了,因为我们中午只提供5套或者10套。”我看到的是顾客失望的表情,听到的是顾客说:那你们门口的广告不是在骗人吗?

在2010年11月的大众点评网上有一位顾客描述了他们2个人在我们某家店消费的情形。他说:他以前来我们家吃过饭,尤其对中午的68元套餐印象很深刻。这次中午正好在附近办事,就和朋友一起来吃饭。没有想到,服务员说套餐没有了,而且说68元套餐的菜对于2个人来说太多了,有些浪费,建议他们点菜吃。结果顾客觉得不好意思再要求点68元套餐,就点了服务员推荐的菜,但是他们心里非常不舒服,因为他们点菜的消费金额最后还是超过了68元。他最后在网上点评里写到:再也不来这家店了。

每当拒绝一桌要求点68套餐的客人,我们可能就把他们未来的10次,20次的消费都拒之门外了,甚至他们就永远不来了。也有可能,他们就到了街对面我们的竞争对手那里去了,结果发现对方也不差,以后他们和他们的朋友就可能会减少来我们这里的次数,而更多地去我们的对手那里。这就是我们傲慢和不讲信用的代价。

可能,有人会说:反正68套餐也是亏本买卖,我们不做这单生意还会少亏一点。

我的回答是:我不会这么短视。一桌客人3-4位来吃68套餐,总会有人因此而对我们的价廉物美而留下好的印象。如果在这3-4人中有1个客人因此来消费我们的正餐,可能他就会来1次,5次,10次,从而成为我们的常客。相反,如果这桌3-4位客人被我们挡在了门外,我们就基本上永远失去了有1位客人会成为常客的机会,而且我们还把这4位顾客直接送给了竞争对手,这一来一去,我们损失的是双倍的生意!可惜对手不但不会因此感激我们,还会嘲笑我们的短视和傲慢,时间久了就会帮助竞争对手发展壮大,最后来消灭我们。为什么,我们要做这么傻的事情去无偿地把生意送给竞争对手,帮助他们来消灭我们呢?

另外,这还涉及到公司对于顾客的承诺。大家都看到了,在店外我们放置了很多关于68套餐的广告,上面我们并没有标注68套餐是限量供应的。所以,我们就要遵守自己的承诺,有顾客点我们就要想办法满足他们,而不能随随便便就以其他理由不去兑现许下的承诺,我们是有成本上的困难,但是既然我们选择了要做68套餐的广告,我们就不能开空头支票。再给大家举一个例子,大家坐公交车的夜班车,其实夜班车的运营成本肯定比白天的车的成本要高很多,因为司机的交班费,同时乘客也少很多。但是,公交公司并没有说我们就取消夜班车的服务。而是采取用白班车的收入来补贴夜班车,因为只有提供了白天和晚上的班车服务,才是完整的服务,这样才让乘客真正地方便。

现在我来给大家讲讲我们68套餐的起源。2005年冬天我们莘庄店开张以后,生意很差。我还记得有天中午只有3桌客人。大家都很着急,但是绝对不能坐以待毙。想了很多办法,我们到处发传单,生意的起色不大。后来在2006年的春节以后,我们在考察了周边一些成功的饭店的中午优惠手段以后,推出了68套餐。结果,很多梅花节来赏梅的客人因为要吃68套餐,来我们店里尝试,因此记住了我们,也因此我们才被周边的顾客所了解和认识。可以说:没有68套餐,就没有我们蜀香村连锁的今天。

在物价飞涨的今天,我们仍然要打这张牌的理由只有一个:让蜀香村“价廉物美”的形象继续深入人心,保持我们在顾客心目中的美誉度和好口碑。这是公司的既定策略,也希望我们每一位伙伴都觉得有义务、有责任、有热情把这个策略坚持不懈地执行下去。只有依靠大家的热情待客,我们的顾客才会真正地感受到:在这里吃饭,真舒服呀,也没有太多的压力,哪怕是点一个68元套餐,服务员也还是很热情地招待我们,真是划算又温馨的一个地方啊!以后,我还要来!

所以,我们要再次拜托大家,切实地认识到68套餐对于我们蜀香村的存活和竞争的重大意义!帮助公司把这个金字招牌做好!

因为关于68套餐的争论和执行上的反复了很多次,所以我觉得有必要回答大家心中都在嘀咕的一个问题:那到底听谁的?
我的回答是:听顾客的,听市场的。除此以外,我们不应该听任何人的。
因为,只有顾客才是永远正确的,只有顾客才是我们的衣食父母,才是给我们每一个员工发工资的人。而市场是来检验我们应对顾客的要求是否到位的唯一标杆,如果我们生意下降了,对手在市场上抢到了更多的顾客,就证明了我们没有照顾好我们的顾客的需求,市场分额的减少就是市场和顾客对于我们的漫不经心的惩罚。所以,我们坚持要做的就是:尽可能地满足顾客的需求,在满足顾客需求的过程中我们也就能发展壮大。请一定要牢记:谁抛弃了顾客,谁怠慢了顾客,很快顾客也会抛弃他/她。

我们店里有很多很优秀,很亲切的服务高手,和一些老客人都建立了很温馨的朋友关系。每次我看到顾客向某位服务员打招呼:“小*,今天我又来了,真是好久没有看到你了。”或者有些老顾客会问我:“那谁谁现在在哪里?今天我没有看到他/她”,每当这个时候,我都觉得非常高兴和自豪。这是对你们优秀服务的褒奖,我觉得是你们为店里挣得的无上的荣光——顾客来这里是因为他们喜欢这里,包括喜欢这里的人!

最后,希望大家能够通过这封信统一认识,把68套餐长期做下去。
我们的政策是:68套餐周一到周五提供,不限量,卖到每天的2点结束。但是套餐里面的菜不换菜。

 
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Posted by 于 3月 30, 2011 在 Business, Personal

 

Jack Dorsey:The Power of Curiosity and Inspiration

他的演讲打动我,也震撼我。
一直梦,保持做,才不会被生活给磨灭了光芒。
昨天,有人对我说:水深水浅,我也不知道,只有跳进去我才知道啊,只要我估计不会被淹死,都必须要自己跳进去去试试水。何必这么怕呢?
我总是怕失败的。但总不能为了避免失败的难堪,就放弃努力,就放弃锻炼自己的一堂可。
Jack Dorsey即是一个practical doer, 也是一个很棒的story-teller. 尤其你看他讲从apple 和paypal身上学到的东西,以及关于merchandise account的部分,真是感觉到功力。
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Square and Twitter Co-Founder Jack Dorsey is an entrepreneur driven by an innate curiosity to create amazing products and services. In this insightful lecture, Dorsey describes his early background and inspirations, the current focuses he keeps as a CEO, and his desire to create memorable experiences and solve problems.
link:http://ecorner.stanford.edu/authorMaterialInfo.html?mid=2635

http://ecorner.stanford.edu/swf/player-ec.swf

 
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Posted by 于 3月 26, 2011 在 Business, Tech

 

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Bestbuy下一步该如何走?

Bestbuy在前几天的earnings report里给出的方案—smaller store for mobile devices还是符合逻辑的,关键还是看如何执行下去:

The chain is also pushing hard to open smaller stores. The company is opening 150 smaller-format mobile only stores by the end of the year, nearly doubling its total to 325.

“We are exploring and redefining what the optimal big-box footprint is for us,” CEO Brian Dunn said on a call with analysts.

 
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Posted by 于 3月 26, 2011 在 Business